{"id":28,"date":"2017-06-12T15:05:59","date_gmt":"2017-06-12T18:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/inct-bionat.iq.unesp.br\/biomas\/caatinga\/"},"modified":"2018-05-18T17:06:30","modified_gmt":"2018-05-18T20:06:30","slug":"caatinga","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/inct-bionat.iq.unesp.br\/en\/biomas\/caatinga\/","title":{"rendered":"Caatinga"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Portugu\u00eas do Brasil<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

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Figura 1 \u2013 Fitofisionomia do bioma Caatinga com presen\u00e7a de plantas de porte arbustivo e herb\u00e1ceo. (foto: Marina Lapenta).<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

O dom\u00ednio do bioma Caatinga abrange cerca de 900 mil Km\u00b2, 54% da regi\u00e3o Nordeste e 11% do territ\u00f3rio brasileiro. Estende-se por toda regi\u00e3o semi\u00e1rida dos Estados do Cear\u00e1, Rio Grande do Norte, Para\u00edba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, o sudoeste do Piau\u00ed, partes do interior da Bahia e do norte de Minas Gerais (ZAPPI, 2008; ANDRADE et al., 2005). Considerado como o \u00fanico bioma exclusivamente brasileiro a Caatinga situa-se na regi\u00e3o mais seca do pa\u00eds com n\u00edveis de precipita\u00e7\u00e3o de menos 1000 mm\/ano, com chuvas distribu\u00eddas irregularmente, com longos per\u00edodos de precipita\u00e7\u00e3o muito baixa ou inexistente (ZAPPI, 2008).<\/p>\n

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Figura 2. Monoterpeno bic\u00edclico, ascaridol isolado de Croton regelianus, esp\u00e9cie de planta da caatinga.<\/p><\/div>\n

A fitofisionomia da Caatinga \u00e9 muito variada podendo-se encontrar \u00e1reas de vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o arbustiva baixa e rala at\u00e9 florestas densas que podem atingir at\u00e9 cerca de 10m de altura (IBGE, 2004). A presen\u00e7a de esp\u00e9cies com adapta\u00e7\u00f5es ao clima quente e seco \u00e9 caracter\u00edstica deste bioma com plantas que apresentam espinhos, ac\u00faleos, folhas e caules suculentos. O clima severo que domina esta regi\u00e3o determina uma vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o com alta frequ\u00eancia de elementos xer\u00f3fitos, sobretudo cact\u00e1ceas e bromeli\u00e1ceas, o que define a fitofisionomia Savana Est\u00e9pica como a mais caracter\u00edstica da Caatinga (figura 1) (ZAPPI, 2008). \u00c1reas de Savana ocorrem isoladamente no Piau\u00ed, Cear\u00e1, Rio Grande do Norte e Bahia. Durante os poucos per\u00edodos chuvosos algumas regi\u00f5es isoladas ganham uma paisagem de intenso verde principalmente nas Florestas Ombr\u00f3filas Abertas e Estacional Decidual e Semi-decidual na regi\u00e3o dos estados do Cear\u00e1, Para\u00edba e Pernambuco, algumas \u00e1reas da Bahia e sul do Piau\u00ed (IBGE, 2004). Entre as esp\u00e9cies de porte arb\u00f3reo e arbustivo s\u00e3o encontrados representantes das mais variadas fam\u00edlias vegetais, no entanto, n\u00e3o end\u00eamicas da Caatinga, como: Amburana cearensis<\/em> (Fabaceae \u2013 imburana de cheiro), Aspidosperma pyrifolium<\/em> (Apocinaceae \u2013 pau pereiro), Caesalpinia pyramidalis<\/em> (Fabaceae \u2013 catingueira), Tabebuia impetiginosa<\/em> (Bignoniaceae \u2013 pau d\u00b4arco roxo), Myracrodruon urundeuva<\/em> (Anacardiaceae \u2013 aroeira), Mimosa tenuiflora<\/em> (Mimosidae \u2013 jurema preta), Anadenathera colubrina<\/em> (Mimosidae \u2013 angico) (ZAPPI, 2008; ANDRADE et al., 2005).<\/p>\n

A caatinga possui uma grande diversidade de esp\u00e9cies de Croton<\/em>, muitas delas utilizadas na medicina popular para o tratamento de reumatismo, diabetes, mal\u00e1ria, c\u00e2ncer e dores de est\u00f4mago. O g\u00eanero Croton<\/em> (Euphorbiaceae), \u00e9 representado por \u00e1rvores, arbustos e ervas, compreendendo cerca de 1300 esp\u00e9cies distribu\u00eddas nas regi\u00f5es tropicais e subtropicais mundiais. O \u00f3leo essencial de Croton regelianus<\/em> possui atividade larvicida contra larvas de Aedes aegypti<\/em> e Artemia<\/em> sp. O principal componente do \u00f3leo essencial, o monoterpeno bic\u00edclico ascaridol (figura 2), cuja atividade anti-helm\u00edntica j\u00e1 \u00e9 descrita, \u00e9 um dos respons\u00e1veis pela atividade observada (TORRES et al. 2008).<\/p>\n

REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Andrade, L.A.; Pereira, I.M.; Leite, U.T.; Barbosa, M.R. Cerne. 11 (3), p.253 (2005).<\/p>\n

IBGE, 2004. Dispon\u00edvel em: http:\/\/mapas.ibge.gov.br\/biomas2\/viewer.htm Acesso em: 08\/12\/2012.<\/p>\n

Torres, M.C.M.; Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, J.C.; Santiago, G.M.P.; Andrade-Neto, M.; Silveira, E.R.; Costa-Lotufo, L.V.; Bezerra, D.P.; Marinho-Filho, J.D.B.; Viana, F.A.; Pessoa, O.D.L. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 5, p. 2724 (2008)<\/p>\n

Zappi, D. Megadivers. 4 (12), p. 34 (2008).<\/p>\n

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